This Day in History
Today: November 30, 2025
978
Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws.[1]
1707
Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the British Empire and their Creek allies to capture Pensacola, Spanish Florida.[2]
1718
Great Northern War: King Charles XII of Sweden dies during a siege of the fortress of Fredriksten in Norway.[3]
1782
American Revolutionary War: Treaty of Paris: In Paris, representatives from the United States and Great Britain sign preliminary peace articles (later formalized as the 1783 Treaty of Paris).[4]
1786
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany, under Pietro Leopoldo I, becomes the first modern state to abolish the death penalty (later commemorated as Cities for Life Day).[5]
1803
The Balmis Expedition starts in Spain with the aim of vaccinating millions against smallpox in Spanish America and Philippines.[6]
1803
In New Orleans, Spanish representatives officially transfer the Louisiana Territory to the French First Republic.[7]
1853
Crimean War: Battle of Sinop: The Imperial Russian Navy under Pavel Nakhimov destroys the Ottoman fleet under Osman Pasha at Sinop, a sea port in northern Turkey.[8]
1864
American Civil War: The Confederate Army of Tennessee suffers heavy losses in an attack on the Union Army of the Ohio in the Battle of Franklin.[9]
1872
The first-ever international football match takes place at Hamilton Crescent, Glasgow, between Scotland and England.[10]
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