Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the army defending Carthage.
439
The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
1386
The Universität Heidelberg holds its first lecture, making it the oldest German university.
1453
Hundred Years' War: Three months after the Battle of Castillon, England loses its last possessions in southern France.
1466
The Thirteen Years' War between Poland and the Teutonic Order ends with the Second Treaty of Thorn.
1469
Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.