Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty.
1100
Election of Antipope Theodoric.
1198
Philip of Swabia, Prince of Hohenstaufen, is crowned King of Germany (King of the Romans)
1253
Pope Innocent IV canonises Stanislaus of Szczepanów, killed by King Bolesław II.
1264
The Statute of Kalisz, guaranteeing Jews safety and personal liberties and giving battei din jurisdiction over Jewish matters, is promulgated by Bolesław the Pious, Duke of Greater Poland.