Loneliness can cause high blood pressure

London, March 21 (IANS) Lonely people are more prone to developing high blood pressure in later life, says a study.

Researchers found that chronic feelings of loneliness push up blood pressure over time, causing a marked increase after four years in people aged over 50, reported dailymail.co.uk

The new study is the first to show a direct link between loneliness and high blood pressure, known as hypertension, which raises the risk of heart attack and stroke.

US researchers considered whether depression and stress were pushing up blood pressure but found they were only partly responsible.

"Loneliness behaves as though it is a unique health-risk factor in its own right," said Louise Hawkley, who is the member of the research team from Chicago University.

"Living alone did not necessarily mean people were lonely. Some people appeared to have busy lives and a good social network but still felt lonely, which puts them at risk," she added.

The latest research involved 229 people aged 50 to 68 who were part of a long-term study on aging. Members of the group were asked a series of questions to determine if they perceived themselves as lonely.

During the five-year study, Hawkley found a clear connection between feelings of loneliness reported at the beginning of the study and rising blood pressure over that period.

"The increase associated with loneliness wasn't observable until two years into the study, but then continued to increase until four years later," she said.

Even people with modest levels of loneliness were affected, says a report in the journal Psychology and Aging.

Among all the people in the sample, the loneliest people saw their blood pressure go up by 14.4 mm more than the blood pressure of their most socially contented counterparts over the four-year study period.

Hawkley said that people who have many friends and a social network can feel lonely if they find their relationships unsatisfying. Conversely, people who live rather solitary lives may not be lonely if their few relationships are meaningful and rewarding.

"Loneliness is characterized by a motivational impulse to connect with others but also a fear of negative evaluation, rejection and disappointment.

"We hypothesise that threats to one's sense of safety and security with others are toxic components of loneliness, and that hyper-vigilance for social threat may contribute to alterations in physiological functioning, including elevated blood pressure," she said.