This Day in History
Today: December 9, 2025
536
Gothic War: The Byzantine general Belisarius enters Rome unopposed; the Gothic garrison flees the capital.[1]
730
Battle of Marj Ardabil: The Khazars annihilate an Umayyad army and kill its commander, al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah al-Hakami.[2]
1432
The first battle between the forces of Švitrigaila and Sigismund Kęstutaitis is fought near the town of Oszmiana (Ashmyany), launching the most active phase of the Lithuanian Civil War.[3]
1531
The Virgin of Guadalupe first appears to Juan Diego at Tepeyac, Mexico City.[4]
1636
The Qing dynasty of China, led by Emperor Hong Taiji, invades Joseon.[5]
1688
Glorious Revolution: Williamite forces defeat Jacobites at Battle of Reading, forcing James II to flee England.[6] (Date is Old Style; the date in the New Style modern calendar is 19 December.)
1775
American Revolutionary War: British troops and Loyalists, misinformed about Patriot militia strength, lose the Battle of Great Bridge, ending British rule in Virginia.[7]
1822
French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, in a memoir read to the Academy of Sciences, coins the terms linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization, and reports a direct refraction experiment verifying his theory that optica...
1824
Patriot forces led by General Antonio José de Sucre defeat a Royalist army in the Battle of Ayacucho, putting an end to the Peruvian War of Independence.
1835
Texas Revolution: The Texian Army captures San Antonio following the Siege of Béxar.
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