This Day in History
Today: December 21, 2025
69
The Roman Senate declares Vespasian emperor of Rome, the last in the Year of the Four Emperors.[1]
1124
Pope Honorius II is consecrated, having been elected after the controversial dethroning of Pope Celestine II.[2]
1140
After a siege of several weeks, the city of Weinsberg and its castle surrender to Conrad III of Germany.[3]
1237
The city of Ryazan is sacked by the Mongol army of Batu Khan.[4]
1361
The Battle of Linuesa is fought in the context of the Spanish Reconquista between the forces of the Emirate of Granada and the combined army of the Kingdom of Castile and of Jaén resulting in a Castilian victory.
1598
Battle of Curalaba: The revolting Mapuche, led by cacique Pelentaru, inflict a major defeat on Spanish troops in southern Chile.[5]
1620
Plymouth Colony: William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims land near what is now known as Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
1826
American settlers in Nacogdoches, Mexican Texas, declare their independence, starting the Fredonian Rebellion.
1832
Egyptian–Ottoman War: Egyptian forces decisively defeat Ottoman troops at the Battle of Konya.
1844
The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its cooperative in Rochdale, England, starting the Cooperative movement.
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