This Day in History
Today: January 9, 2026
681
Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain.[1]
1127
Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing (Kaifeng), the capital of the Song dynasty of China, and abduct Emperor Qinzong of Song and others, ending the Northern Song dynasty.[2]
1349
The Jewish population of Basel, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death, is rounded up and incinerated.[3]
1431
The trial of Joan of Arc begins in Rouen.[4]
1693
Sicily earthquake: The first of two earthquakes destroys parts of Sicily and Malta. After the second quake on 11 January, the death toll is estimated at between 60,000 and 100,000 people.[5]
1760
Ahmad Shah Durrani defeats the Marathas in the Battle of Barari Ghat.[6]
1787
The nationally known image of the Black Nazarene in the Philippines was transferred from what is now Rizal Park to its present shrine in the minor basilica of Quiapo Church. This is annually commemorated through its Traslación (solemn transfer) in the streets of Manila and is atten...
1788
Connecticut becomes the fifth state to ratify the United States Constitution.[10]
1792
Treaty of Jassy between Russian and Ottoman Empire is signed, ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–92.[11]
1793
Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first person to fly in a balloon in the United States.[12]
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